M.Phil., Anthropology, Yale University, 1983.
B.A., Anthropology, University of Hawaii, 1980.
O`ahu Island Archaeologist, Department of Land and Natural Resources, State of Hawaii, 1/91-1/97.
Associate Professor of Anthropology, Hawai`i Pacific University, 9/87-1/91.
Research Associate, B.P. Bishop Museum, 9/87.
Associate Anthropologist, B.P. Bishop Museum, 12/84-12/85.
Staff Contract Archaeologist, B.P. Bishop Museum, 6/77-6/78.
2004 A Manual of Hawaiian Fish Remains Identification. Special Publication 1, Society for Hawaiian Archaeology (with K. Longenecker).
2004 How to Fix the Inventory Survey Rule. Hawaiian Archaeology 9:123-132.
2001 Land snail extinctions at Kalaeloa, O`ahu. Internet Archaeology 10 (with H.D. Tuggle).
2000 Stars(). Star Plots and Segment Diagrams of Multivariate Data. The R Project for Statistical Computing.
2000 Effects of 14C sample selection in archaeology: An example from Hawai`i. Radiocarbon 42(2):203-217.
1999 Project Documentation Toolkit. Xlisp-Stat: Contributed Code (with R. Almond and A. E. Long).
1998 Land snail extinctions at Kalaeloa, Oahu. Pacific Science 52: 111-140 (with H.D. Tuggle).
1996 Early Eastern Lapita to Polynesian plainware at Tongatapu and Lifuka: An exploratory data analysis and comparison, in Oceanic culture history: Essays in honour of Roger Green, pp. 461-473, ed. J. Davidson, G. Irwin, F. Leach, A. Pawley, and D. Brown. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology Special Publication.
1996 Sand tempers in indigenous Lapita and Lapitoid Polynesian Plainware and imported protohistoric Fijian pottery of Ha`apai (Tonga) and the question of Lapita tradeware. Archaeology in Oceania 31:87-98 (with W.R. Dickinson, R. Shutler, Jr., R. Shortland, and D.V. Burley).
1996 Sources of sand tempers in prehistoric Tongan pottery. Geoarchaeology 11(2):141-164 (with W.R. Dickinson).
1996 Assemblage definition, analytic methods, and sources of variability in the interpretation of Marquesan subsistence change. Asian Perspectives 35(1):73-88.
1995 Comparing 14C histograms: An approach based on approximate randomization techniques. Radiocarbon 37(3):851-859.
1994 Population trends in Hawaii before 1778. The Hawaiian Journal of History 28:1-20.
1994 Apparent ages of marine shells: Implications for archaeological dating in Hawai`i. Radiocarbon 36:51-57.
1992 A pre-censal population history of Hawai`i. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 14:113-128 (with E. Komori).
1992 The South Point radiocarbon dates thirty years later. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 14:89-97.
1992 Computer programs for creating cumulative probability curves and annual frequency distribution diagrams with radiocarbon dates. New Zealand Journal of Archaeology 14:35-43.
1991 A reputation unmade: J.F.G. Stokes's career in Hawaiian archaeology, in Heiau of the Island of Hawai`i: 3-20, by J. F. G. Stokes, edited by Tom Dye. Bishop Museum Bulletin in Anthropology, 2. Honolulu: Bishop Museum Press.
1990 Marine turtle bones from an archaeological site in Polynesia yield reliable age determinations. Radiocarbon 32:143-147.
1990 Prehistoric use of the interior of Southern Guam. Micronesica (Suppl. 2):261-274 (with P.L. Cleghorn).
1990 The causes and consequences of a decline in the prehistoric Marquesan fishing industry, in Pacific production systems: Approaches to economic prehistory, pp. 70-84, ed. D. E. Yen and J. M. J. Mummery. Occasional Papers in Prehistory, 18. Canberra: Department of Prehistory, Research School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University.
1990 Polynesian ancestors and their animal world. American Scientist 78:206-215 (with D. Steadman).
1989 Prehistoric extinction of giant iguanas in Tonga. Copeia 1989:505-508 (with G.K. Pregill).
1989 Tales of two cultures: Traditional historical and archaeological interpretations of Hawaiian prehistory. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 29:3-22.
1988 Archaeological Survey and Excavations on Tafahi Island, Tonga. IN P.V. Kirch, Niuatoputapu: The prehistory of a Polynesian chiefdom. Thomas Burke Memorial Washington State Museum, Monograph No. 5. Seattle.
1987 Marshall Islands Archaeology. Pacific Anthropological Records 38. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum: Honolulu.
1987 Social and cultural change in the prehistory of the ancestral Polynesian homeland, Ph.D. diss. Yale University, New Haven.
1987 Comment on Kirch and Green, `History, phylogeny and evolution in Polynesia.' Current Anthropology 28(4):445-6.
1985 A preliminary petrographic study of Hawaiian stone adze quarries. Journal of the Polynesian Society 94(3):235-51 (with P. Cleghorn, M. Weisler and J. Sinton).
1983 Fish and fishing on Niuatoputapu. Oceania 53:242-271.
1980 The linguistic position of Niuafo`ou. Journal of the Polynesian Society 89:349-357.
1979 Ethnoarchaeology and the development of Polynesian fishing strategies. Journal of the Polynesian Society 88(1):53-76 (with P.V. Kirch).
1972 Archaeological reconnaissance of the proposed Kapoho- Kalapana highway, District of Puna, Island of Hawai`i. Departmental Report Series 72-3. Department of Anthropology, B.P. Bishop Museum: Honolulu (with B. Bevacqua).
Archaeological Services in Support of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for Proposed Expansion of Military Training and the Construction of Improvements to Existing Recreational Resources at Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, Hawai`i
Principal Investigator and Project Director for International
Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. project completed in 1998 for
Department of the Navy, Pacific Division, Naval Facilities Engineering
Command under contract to Belt Collins Hawaii. Work tasks included
preparation of a preservation plan for an historic cemetery, survey of
historic records, field inventory survey, significance evaluations for
two WWII sites, subsurface test excavations to determine the
boundaries and nature of four traditional Hawaiian sites, preparation
of a research design which includes measures to mitigate the possible
adverse effects of the proposed land use changes and recreational
facilities improvements, and revision of a Constraints Map showing
areas with cultural resource requiring protection.
Cultural Landscape Pilot Project for Supporting Implementation of the Integrated Cultural Resources Management Program at the Schofield Barracks Military Reservation, Island of O`ahu
Principal Investigator for International Archaeological Research
Institute, Inc. project completed in 1998 for U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Pacific Ocean Division. A cultural landscape framework for
implementing the Schofield Barracks integrated cultural resources
management plan was developed utilizing data collected from previous
cultural and natural resources studies and other written sources. A
major component of the study was integration of salient natural and
cultural resource, military training data, and military land
management practices into a geographic information system compatible
with the system developed and currently maintained by the Integrated
Training Area Management Program.
Archaeological Monitoring and Sampling during Bellows OU7 UST Removal Project Interim Remedial Action, Phase I, Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, Ko`olaupoko, O`ahu
Principal Investigator for International Archaeological Research
Institute, Inc. project completed in 1998 for U.S. Army Corps of
Engineers, Pacific Ocean Division. Project tasks included monitoring
removal of 31 suspected petroleum/oil/lubricant system components,
including an underground pipeline connecting a fuel tank at Keolu
Hills with an old wharf. Discontinuous cultural deposits along a 275
m section of the pipeline were investigated with a series of areal
excavations totaling 154 m2. The excavations yielded
information on the antiquity of traditional Hawaiian settlement at
Bellows and on the pattern of settlement in the 17th and 18th
centuries. This information mitigated the adverse effects of the
pipeline removal project on State Site 50-80-15-4853.
Cultural Resources Inventory Survey for the Hawaii Army National Guard Training Academy, Bellows Air Force Station, Waimanalo, Island of O`ahu, Hawai`i
Principal Investigator for International Archaeological Research
Institute, Inc. project completed in 1999 for Hawaii Army National
Guard. Work tasks included a subsurface cultural resource inventory
survey for a portion of Bellows Air Force Station that will be
licensed to the Hawai`i Army National Guard from the US Marine Corps.
Fieldwork consisted of a general reconnaissance survey and excavation
of nine backhoe trenches. Two historic sites were discovered and a
plan developed for their preservation in place.
Archaeological Inventory Survey for the Kulana `Oiwi Multiple-Services Center Project, Kalama`ula, Kona, Moloka`i
Principal Investigator and Project Director for International
Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. project completed in 1998 for
Kauahikaua & Chun/Architects. Inventory survey of 12 acres
discovered two historic sites. Site 50-60-06-1660 is a petroglyph
gallery and limestone quarry with an associated cultural deposit that
provides a continuous archaeological record from traditional Hawaiian
times through to the present. Site 50-60-06-1661 is the old
Kaunakakai School grounds, built in the early 1920s. Excavations at
possible burial mounds, carried out in association with members of the
Moloka`i/Lana`i Islands Burial Council, proved that human burial
remains were not present.
Supplemental Research to Support an Archaeological Inventory Survey of Puu Lani Ranch Phase II, Pu`u Anahulu, Kona, Hawai`i
Principal Investigator and Project Director for International
Archaeological Institute, Inc. project completed in 2001 for Puu Lani
Ranch. Resurvey of project area completed historic preservation
documentation for 24 sites and discovered ten new sites. Excavation
at one of the new sites uncovered a deep traditional Hawaiian period
deposit rich in charcoal from woods collected from the lower boundary
of the mamane-naio forest that once was present at Pu`u
Anahulu.
Archaeological Inventory Survey of the Coastal Portion of Kaiholena Ahupua`a, North Kohala, Hawai`i.
Principal Investigator and Project Director for International
Archaeological Research Institute, Inc. project completed in 2001 for
Pohaku Kea LLC. This project followed on survey work performed by
Bishop Museum in the 1980s. Two hundred twenty-three sites were
evaluated. Application of controlled dating methods yielded results
that indicate much of the surface architecture at the coast was
constructed relatively recently, near the end of the 18th century.
Wood charcoal identifications indicate the presence of a lowland dry
forest at that time. The forest grew on a soil cover that eroded away
in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, leaving behind the rocky
grasslands that dominate this coast today.